Ransomware attacks continue to be a major cybersecurity threat, with hackers constantly evolving their tactics. If your data gets encrypted by ransomware, don’t panic—there are ways to recover your files without paying the ransom. In this guide, we’ll explain how ransomware works, steps to recover your data, and best practices to prevent future attacks.
Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that encrypts files on a victim’s device or network, rendering them inaccessible. Attackers then demand a ransom payment—typically in cryptocurrency like Bitcoin or Monero—in exchange for decrypting the files. If the victim refuses to pay, they risk permanent data loss or public exposure of stolen information.
Ransomware attacks have become increasingly sophisticated, targeting businesses, hospitals, government agencies, and individuals. Some variants also employ double extortion, where hackers steal sensitive data before encryption and threaten to leak it unless the ransom is paid.
Infection – Ransomware spreads through:
Phishing emails with malicious attachments
Exploiting software vulnerabilities
Fake software updates or pirated downloads
Compromised Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) connections
Encryption – Once inside a system, the malware encrypts files using strong algorithms, making them unreadable without a decryption key.
Ransom Demand – A message appears with payment instructions, often including a deadline. Paying does not guarantee file recovery, and victims may be targeted again.
Targets: Large enterprises, government agencies
Tactics: Encrypts files rapidly and deletes backup copies to prevent recovery
Notable Feature: Operates as a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS), allowing affiliates to deploy it
Targets: Corporations, healthcare, and critical infrastructure
Tactics: Uses advanced encryption and double extortion (steals data before encryption)
Notable Feature: Written in Rust, making it harder to detect
Targets: Businesses using file-transfer software (e.g., MOVEit, Accellion)
Tactics: Exploits zero-day vulnerabilities to breach networks
Notable Feature: Often leaks stolen data on the dark web if the ransom is unpaid
A ransomware attack can cripple businesses and individuals by encrypting critical files and demanding payment for their release. Following a structured recovery plan can help restore data safely and minimize damage. Here are the key steps to recover from a ransomware attack:
Immediately disconnect the infected device from all networks to prevent the ransomware from spreading.
Disconnect from Wi-Fi and Ethernet.
Unplug external drives and shared storage devices.
Power off affected systems if necessary.
Example:
If an employee’s computer displays a ransom note, shut it down and notify the IT security team to contain the threat.
Different ransomware strains require different recovery approaches. Use these tools to identify the malware:
ID Ransomware – Upload a ransom note or encrypted file to detect the ransomware type.
No More Ransom – A repository of decryption tools for known ransomware variants.
The most reliable recovery method is restoring data from an unaffected backup. Follow the 3-2-1 backup rule:
3 copies of your data.
2 different storage types (e.g., cloud + external hard drive).
1 offline backup (to prevent ransomware encryption).
Example:
A company hit by LockBit ransomware successfully restored its files from an offline backup stored on an encrypted external drive.
Some ransomware strains have free decryption tools. Check:
Warning: Avoid paying the ransom—there’s no guarantee of file recovery, and it fuels criminal activities.
If backups are unavailable and no decryption tool exists, contact cybersecurity experts such as:
Kaspersky
CrowdStrike
Mandiant
Reporting helps authorities track cybercriminals and prevent future attacks. Contact:
Backup Regularly – Keep offline backups (not connected to the network)
Update Software – Patch known vulnerabilities in operating systems and apps
Train Employees – Teach staff to recognize phishing emails and suspicious links
Use Strong Security Tools – Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) and email filtering
Limit Access – Restrict user permissions to reduce attack surfaces
Isolate the infected device to prevent further spread
Report the attack to cybersecurity authorities (e.g., CISA, FBI)
Avoid paying the ransom – There’s no guarantee files will be restored
Consult a cybersecurity expert for possible decryption options
Ransomware remains a critical cyber threat in 2025, with attackers using more aggressive tactics. Prevention through strong cybersecurity practices is the best defense. If attacked, never pay the ransom—instead, rely on backups and professional assistance.
By staying informed and proactive, businesses and individuals can reduce their risk of falling victim to ransomware attacks.